Computer Articture

Computer architecture refers to the components of the hardware parts used by the computer in order to write the program for the computer. It is also the way how the different parts are constructed and organized in a computer. Different components of the computer system are explained as follows.

1. Input unit

2. Processor (CPU)

3. Main memory

4. Secondary memory

5. Output Unit

1. Input Unit:

It is the device through which the data and instruction are provided to the computer system. Different type of input device provides different input to the computer. Some of the examples of the input devices are: keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen, touch pads, pointing stick, etc.

2. Processor:

The main part of the computer that controls all over operation of the computer and integrates programs and activates necessary components for the work performance is known as processor. It is also known as electronic brain of the computer. According to the size of the computer, the size of the processor differs. Central Processing Unit (CPU) has three sectors. They are:

a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

b) Register Array

c) Control Unit (CU)

a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):

It carries out the mathematical operation like: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.

It carries out logical operation like: AND, NOT, OR, NAND, NOR, etc.

It selects variables from register.

It returns result to memory of register.

b) Register Array:

Store data temporarily.

It quickly accepts, store and transfer data and instruction that are used immediately.

The number of register differs from processor to processor like: 8, 16, 32, 64 bits which are found in the market.

c) Control Unit (CU):

The entire tasks are controlled.

Accepts data in the form of program.

Processed information leaves through output devices.

3. Main Memory:

RAM and ROM are the main memory of the computer. All the programs are lunched in the main memory before they are in used. When we start our work, the working task take placed in the main memory. Computer cannot work with out main memory. Main memories are expensive in compare with the secondary memory. It is volatile in nature. It is used for booting and loading purpose. It is made of semiconductor devices which has faster access time and requires about 5 volts of DC current supply. 

4. Secondary Memory:

The data and information which we wants to use for future purpose are store as back up in the secondary memory. Computer can be run without secondary memory. It is non- volatile in nature. Secondary devices are made of electro magnetic devices which have slow access time in compare with main memory. Some examples are: Hard disk, CD, DVD, floppy, pen drive, etc.

5. Output device:

The processed data and information are given and display through the output devices. It means result of information is shown and given by the output units. Some examples are: printer, monitor, speaker, etc.